安徽省珍稀植物新纪录

水禾属和水禾为安徽省植物分布新纪录属和种。该文介绍了采自安徽省无为县禾本科单种属珍稀植物水禾的主要形态特征、生态特性和繁殖方法。     

红景天果皮水提液对5种植物种子的化感作用

以狭叶红景天种子、榆荞种子、樱桃番茄种子、意大利耐抽薹生菜种子和新牛角椒种子为受试材料,研究了狭叶红景天果皮水提液对5种植物的化感作用.结果表明,不同浓度的狭叶红景天果皮水提液对5种植物种子的萌发、胚根及幼苗生长均表现出不同的化感作用影响.其中,对狭叶红景天种子萌发和胚根生长都表现为明显的抑制作用,并且随着处理浓度增高,抑制作用表现越强,但对幼苗的生长却表现出明显的促进生长作用,其中以0.02 g/mL的水浸液处理的狭叶红景天幼苗生长速度最快;对榆荞种子萌发和幼苗生长表现为低浓度促进生长和高浓度抑制生长的作用,而对胚根生长却表现抑制作用,并随着处理浓度的增高,抑制作用也越强;对樱桃番茄和意大利耐抽薹生菜种子的萌发和胚根生长也都表现为明显的抑制作用,对樱桃番茄幼苗的生长影响与榆荞的一致,对意大利耐抽薹生菜幼苗的生长影响与狭叶红景天植物一致;对新牛角椒种子萌发的影响与榆荞种子相同,对其胚根和幼苗生长影响都表现为促进作用,但也存在随着处理浓度增高,其产生的促进生长作用逐渐减弱的现象.     

北青龙衣褐变机制的研究

北青龙衣在由鲜品到干品的贮藏期间会出现失水、颜色变深等褐变现象。研究该褐变过程发生的机制,为控制褐变、提高药材的稳定性提供试验依据。采用北青龙衣鲜果果皮,4℃低温贮藏,研究其褐变度(browning degree,BD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonialyase,PAL)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性变化、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、总多酚(total polyphenols,TP)、还原糖含量及维生素C(Vitamin C,VC)含量变化。试验数据显示果皮颜色变深、TP含量下降、PPO活性降低、PAL活性上升、SOD和POD活性先上升后下降、MDA含量升高、还原糖和VC含量下降。BD与PPO、SOD、POD活性和TP含量呈显著负相关,与PAL活性呈显著正相关,与VC和还原糖无显著相关性。北青龙衣贮藏过程中发生了酶促褐变和非酶褐变,且以酶促褐变为主,PPO在酶促褐变中可能起主要作用。     

核磁共振法测定甲哌鎓原药的含量

采用定量核磁共振法建立了甲哌鎓原药的定量方法。以重水为溶剂,仲丁基脲为内标物,以化学位移分别在δ3.12的甲哌鎓甲基和δ1.10的仲丁基脲甲基的1H-NMR信号作为定量峰。以甲哌鎓与仲丁基脲定量峰的峰面积比(AS/AI)对甲哌鎓与仲丁基脲的质量比(WS/WI)进行线性回归,线性相关系数为0.999 9;重复测定同一批次原药含量,变异系数为0.28%。采用核磁共振波谱法对甲哌鎓进行定量分析,操作简便,测定速度快,准确度高。     

Agronomic traits of soybean cultivars released in different decades after grafting record‐yield cultivar as rootstock

Breeders have seldom considered the selection for root traits during the genetic improvement in soybean. It is hypothesized that grain yield would be increased by the root function improvement, especially for the current cultivars. The objective of this grafting experiment was to determine the effect of record‐yield cultivars L14 or Z35 as rootstocks on agronomic traits of cultivars released in different decades. A total of 11 cultivars, released in different decades, were used to graft onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks. The agronomic traits were measured in the pot‐culture experiments. Grafting cultivars released in different decades onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks resulted in higher yield, 100‐seed mass and apparent harvest index as compared with those of non‐grafted or self‐grafted plants. Grain yield gain of cultivars grafted onto record‐yield cultivar rootstocks was 0.40 g/plant/year from 1966 to 2006, which was larger than that of non‐grafts and self‐grafts (0.27 g/plant/year). The yield of current cultivars should increase more if their root functions were improved.     

早春薄皮甜瓜保护地安全高效栽培技术

为了使农业结构调整更加有的放矢,保持济南早春设施甜瓜高效、迅速的发展势头,从品种选择、保护地设施类型、育苗、定植、植株调整、肥水管理、病虫害防治等多方面介绍早春保护地薄皮甜瓜高效栽培技术,希望对提高甜瓜产量和品质以及菜农的经济效益能起到一定的指导作用。     

不同植物生长调节剂对金荞麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以不同浓度的GA3、6-BA和IAA浸种24 h,通过比较浸种后种子萌发以及幼苗生长各项指标来研究植物生长调节剂浸种对金荞麦种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,在本试验处理浓度范围内,150 mg/L的GA3浸种后种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、平均鲜重、平均株高、平均根长、叶绿素含量、POD活力分别提高37.7％、39.6％、68.3％、75.6％、17.7％、20.5％、18.7％、68％.而用0.1 mg/L 6-BA和25 mg/L IAA浸种后各项指标与对照相比均显著增加.3种植物生长调节剂综合比较表明,150 mg/L的GA3对金荞麦种子萌发和幼苗生长作用效果最为理想.     

miR-122靶向调控鸡BZW2基因的表达

miR-122(MicroRNA-122)是在肝脏中高表达的miRNA,在肝脏的生长发育和脂类代谢等过程发挥重要作用,BZW2 (basic leucine zipper and W2 domains 2)主要参与蛋白质合成代谢,本研究目的是确定BZW2是否为miR-122调控的靶基因.通过生物信息学预测miR-122的靶基因,并分析BZW2的3-UTR区域与miR-122种子区的配对情况,再用双荧光素酶报告系统和突变实验证明miR-122作用于BZW2的3'UTR.用荧光定量PCR检测转染miRNA-122mimic的鸡(Gallus gallus)肝癌细胞系(leghorn hepatocellar,LMH)细胞和转染LNA-antimiR-122的鸡原代肝细胞中BZW2的表达.鸡BZW2的3'-UTR区域与miR-122种子区互补配对,荧光素酶报告基因和突变实验分析表明,miR-122能够通过与BZW23'-UTR区结合抑制基因的表达;将miR-122在LMH细胞中过表达后,发现BZW2 mRNA表达水平显著下降;利用LNA-antimiR-122抑制鸡肝脏原代细胞中的miR-122后,BZW2 mRNA表达水平呈显著性上升.结果证明BZW2是miR-122的靶基因,其在mRNA水平上受到miR-122的负性调控,本研究为揭示miR-122在鸡肝脏中的广泛的功能提供了理论依据.     

“6?13”强冰雹天气雷达特征分析及对农业的影响

为了找寻冰雹天气发生的原因及对农业的影响，利用多普勒雷达的反射率因子、径向速度、垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)等产品，结合高低空环流形势及地面资料，对发生在长治市2016 年6 月13 日的强冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明：（1）此次冰雹天气是由高空冷槽和与地面暖低压共同作用结果；（2）强回波与三体散射(TBSS)对提前预报强冰雹有较好的指示意义；速度场的辐合辐散可以判断回波未来发展趋势，增强预判准确性；当TBSS出现一定的持续性时，TBSS可以作为强冰雹预警的辅助指标；VIL是判别冰雹的有效工具之一，且对冰雹的预报有较好的指示作用；（3）加强冰雹监测，通过及时的“点”监测，实现“面”预警，是减少冰雹对农业生产造成灾害的一种有效的补充手段。     

Environmental performances of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) cultivated in fertile and marginal lands: A case study in the Mediterranean

Perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs) tend to have a high yield combined with a low environmental impact. Cultivation in marginal or poorly cultivated land is recommended in order not to compromise food security and to overcome land use controversies. However, the environmental impacts of using different types of soil are still unclear. We thus assessed the environmental impact of two giant reed (GR) systems cultivated in a fertile soil (FS) and in a marginal soil (MS) through a cradle-to-plant gate LCA. We analyzed energy balance, GHG emissions (including LUC, not including iLUC), and the main impacts on air, water and soil quality. In both systems the annualized soil carbon sequestration was more than twofold the total GHG emitted, equal to −6464 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in FS and −5757 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in MS. Overall, soil characteristics affected not only GR yield level, but also its environmental impact, which seems to be higher in the MS system both on a hectare and tonne basis. The production of GR biomass in marginal soil could thus lead to higher environmental impacts and a more extensive land requirement.